THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Though theoretical, the absence of an appropriate adult during the initial questioning stage might lead to wrong conviction of a suspect or even witness. Mark, 2006, restorative justice looks at the concept of allowing adults presence in a trial of a mentally vulnerable persons or children for that matter. He tries to dissect the implications that the absence of an adult would have or mean for a case involving a mentally vulnerable individual.

The main concern in Mark’s book is the way in which mentally vulnerable criminals with cases of mental vulnerability are viewed by the police. The author describes evidently why such mentally vulnerable criminals deserve more recognition and in the police custody as opposed to what is accorded to them. In most cases these mentally vulnerable criminals also referred to as remedial, basic and/ or poor mentally vulnerable criminals due to the limited opportunity and narrow understanding in them and not because of insufficient skills and intelligence. Social and economic forces have a profound influence on the performance and intelligence of mentally vulnerable mentally vulnerable criminals. According to Rose, the contemporary method of assessing and learning are misused and short sighted especially when dealing with mentally vulnerable criminal.

In relation to the author’s argument, it is evident from my own experience in some criminal cases. The police in some cases do not recognize, leave alone appreciate the presence and according assistance to the mentally vulnerable mentally vulnerable criminals. In most cases, mentally vulnerable criminals have failed to understand what they are questioned in the cells and ended up implicating themselves during the questioning Some give unreliable witness accounts which may eventually lead to false implication of a given suspect. Even a mentally convenient criminal would not perform well if he/she is undergoing through domestic stress in the family, this has failed many mentally vulnerable mentally vulnerable criminals in most courts. When the mentally vulnerable persons are being questioned, especially when they are having other pressing problems they tend to have fear within them. a factor which makes them agree with most of the police’s implications and during court proceedings, they are likely to articulate to a lawyers advantage leading to inaccurate ratio dacidendi. As the author illustrates, the mentally vulnerable mentally vulnerable criminals require an adult’s presence during the questioning to enable for the provision of accurate information in a given case. Due to these arising situations due to the lack of an appropriate adult, Ross provides the best avenue for assistance by bringing in the appropriate adults to help the mentally vulnerable mentally vulnerable criminals or witnesses. The justice system is based on how mentally vulnerable criminals and the adult’s presence introduced to the police for questioning usually impacts on the less mentally vulnerable criminals who needs more attention in order to provide reliable information in the particular case. "More often than not we admit, an absence of an adult is social more than intellectual in origin" (225), this is directly linked with the nature of questioning and testing experience in that most mentally vulnerable criminals retain mental incapacities and hence are not solely reliable for the information they provide to assist in investigation of a particular case. They are often blamed for such mistakes which evidently result from their cultural and social backgrounds.

According to Rose, the best way of addressing disparities in adult’s presence is through one on one contact between the mentally vulnerable criminals and the adults. "Healing possibilities of the teacher-student relationship" (123). Ross(204) states, "so many platitudes about motivation and self-reliance and individualism"  The hasty nature of the modern classroom does not provide ample time for instructor to detect social, cultural, and developmental lapses which bar children from finding their literacy potential. When mentally vulnerable criminals are allowed to participate actively, they tend to develop interest in questioning and lose the real idea which is to only provide relevant information and so chances of them succeeding are low. In the normal questioning environment, adults have not had time to devote themselves to mentally vulnerable criminals to understand their the nature of their communication thus how to get information from them. But when the available adult is a relative or close friend for that matter, they tend to easily understand what the mentally vulnerable individual may be trying to communicate. Based on Rose’s adult’s presence theory, the adult should use familiar methods which facilitate active information retrieval where mentally vulnerable criminals answer questions, come up with their own questions, solve problems, discuss, and brainstorm during classes. This is different from the usual interaction where everything is done by the adult. Under this theory, mentally vulnerable criminals are presented with challenges and learn of the nature of the present system. In the normal questioning, mentally vulnerable criminals are not well placed to fully comprehend whatever they would be answering.

Based on adult’s presence theory by Rose, mentally vulnerable criminals are subjected to a significant amount of language through interesting contents. This provides an excellent technique of imparting language skills among underprepared mentally vulnerable criminals who get explored interesting contents and engage in relevant activities that are legal dependency. As stated by Rose (204) “many platitudes about motivation and self-reliance and individualism." Rose’s adult’s presence theory promotes useful information provision that is entrenched with appropriate communication context rather than isolated language fragments. In the obvious police custody, mentally vulnerable criminals are always subjected to regular method of questioning. This minimally impacts on the information provision of the mentally vulnerable criminals as opposed to the technique discussed by Ross.

To help in understanding the dynamics involved in influencing a case, we would have to look at the psychological backing of the same.

Help With Dissertation Literature Review Chapter

The students have to know about that what dissertation writing has a position in entire dissertation. The literature review mainly collates the information and facts and figures of the body gathered from the secondary resource for example relevant books, magazines, newspapers and many different suitable resources. This data is text specific and generally rotates around the precise topic or a matter. This symbolizes very cautious choice of thoughts collected from many others’ searching of the specific theme or group of subjects considered to be linked in similar way. This plays a very significant role in whole paper and it is normally generated with the subsequent components;


• The introductory part
• The abstract that allows reader to read synopsis that what this assignment is discovering and why?
• The literature review that deals with scrutinized proof in both help of and in opposition of the argument students are showing
• The closer (conclusion)
• Annotated bibliography



The most significant component of an entire dissertation is a review. It is also a part of paper that most folks deal with. Reviewing literature review example is also very helpful.


It is a part of paper where they show entire essential small pieces of data that they have collected which connect to their selected topic, or to arguments that they are evaluating during the assignment. Each component of literature review must be shown to target audience and reader in the sensible way. Most excellent method to perform this is to create a common idea for a part of project, and let’s proof to support 'inform' the readers the argument.


Gather the facts and figure that students require demonstrating in a literature is their next stage. If they not include this, they will have no text for their task.


Therefore, how do they collect data to cover their dissertation literature review? There are many different techniques to collect relevant data; this entire consists on their priorities. There are few thoughts to support them with their data collecting.


You need to pick the methodology that fits with them excellently. Go to academic libraries and use books or reference books which are connected to their chosen topic. When they locate a part or the quotation which is pertinent to their dissertation topic, mark this in their notebook.


Instead of that they can be present at academic library and turn over the pages and books until they get a part or the quotation which is pertinent to their dissertation topic. Once to be found, copy the page or pages and emphasize the essential part on their copy. Maintain entire copied sheets together in the file, arranged in the sensible way.



An access of the internet for significant part of data which could support tells their questions and topic. As they get pertinent facts and figure, jot them down or print them. Significantly, make sure that they must be familiar with who data relates to (who originally said this) in order that they could deal out a argument or remark properly in their dissertation literature review. If their assigned project is almost done, do proofread and edit where they are required.

UK dissertation topics

Students should not wait to complete their examination segment. They have to start generating new ideas and thoughts instantly in the end of their last classes for the reason that selecting the dissertation topic is very much time consuming task. They can secure their future career if they are not delaying in the process for choosing the dissertation topic. They have to keep in their mind that a subject matter is essence of the whole dissertation. This is why, without it, they can never start their further writing or research. There are some authentic tips which can help the students to choose the subject matter.

• You should not feel frightened: every student must know that dissertation writing is ordinary thing and these sorts of projects are just to write only for catching the common people attention and interest. This is wrong concept of them. As this is hinted previous paragraph that this is very significant to write to get the final degree. Like wise subject matter selection is also important for your assignment. In addition, you don’t need to be panic of it.
• You have to be wisely planned for your dissertation topic:
  To take full advantage of your investigation, you should be well planned and wise in a part research effort. In order to more planned and structured in your starting of the paper, you have to give sufficient time to work on it. Be attentive and careful regarding sticking on the track of the records in the previous time of your investigation to eliminate your pressure levels soon while your eagerness starts to decline. If you should reverse way on your investigation efforts, being planned from the scratch will aid to make the procedure painless.
• You have to ensure that your chosen subject matter more appealing:
  This is very important that both you and academic professor are involved in the topic of dissertation. Some professors are unenthusiastic to advise subjects due to the understood household tasks or everyday jobs linked with assisting the candidate through a procedure from beginning to ending. Your professor’s interest for your subject matter will find out their eagerness to read, help, finance, and give appropriate feedback and right way to the work.
• The problem should be valuable of your precious time:
  Searching the subject matter which is convincing enough to continue more investigation is serious. Employers assess the possible workers consisted on the candidate’s capability to not just complete the assignment but also create prospect sharing to the area.
• Your dissertation topic must be unique and one of its kinds:
  This is vital that your dissertation topic must be unique. In addition, the precondition for searching fresh subject is to be well-versed because numerous things have already been learnt before. Set up yourself on the most recent discussions in your region sets you in the place to recognize the spaces in information. After recognizing the spaces, all you require to work out is what sort of data will cover these spaces and gaps.

UK dissertation help

Writing a UK dissertation with APA style is really difficult for the first timers for the reason that it has different requirements and also plays an important role in the academia. APA stands for American Psychological Association which is very generally utilized to cite the text resources in social sciences. Here are some common guiding principles of using this into the dissertation paper assignment.


Students have to utilize their introductory part must be written with double spaced on a particular paper with one inch margins on entire sides of a paper. APA suggests utilizing “12 Font Size” with “Times New Roman”.


Comprise the page subtitle at top of the each paper. To make a subtitle, put in their page numbers at the right side of the page.


In addition, here are some more guidelines of writing an introductory part of dissertation which is assigned to students to get their final degree.


The main objectives of the introductory part in the social sciences paper are to give reasons for the working on their subject matter. Their target in this part is to initiate the subject matter to readers, give the general idea of former investigation on the theme, and recognize their personal theory.


Here is how?


Initiate the subject matter
Their first and foremost job is to give short explanation of a research question. What are the major experiments or studies trying to show? What facts are they learning? Give short account of their subject matter and demonstrate how this concerns their most recent investigation.



Sum up the former investigation
Now they are standing at the next step of their writing dissertation introduction that they should give a well-formed and interest grabbing synopsis of former investigation which is pertinent to their subject matter. So, earlier they start to work on synopsis because this is significant to comprehensively investigation their subject. Searching suitable resources amongst hundreds of journal piece of writings could be the intimidating job, but there are numerous easy tips and steps they could make simpler their investigation.


Investigating the subject matter
Find the journal records, for instance ERIC, to search piece of writings on their topic. Once they have placed the piece of paper, observe the reference portion to place other courses cited in the piece of writing. As they take footnotes from those articles, be certain to jot down where they establish the knowledge. The easy and simple note particulars the writer’s good name, periodical, and publication date could support they maintain way of resources and keep away from plagiarism.


Once they have summed up the former investigation, make clear the regions where an investigation is missing or possibly flawed. What is lacking from prior studies on their subject matter? What research questions have still to be solved? Their personal theory must help from these questions. At last of their introductory part, provide their theory and explain what they supposed to search in their test.



These dissertation help points are very helpful to write dissertation assignment under APA format.